Tank Armaments Бронетанковая техника и артиллерия времен Великой отечественной войны. Воспоминания ветеранов. Аналитические материалы. Боевые донесения, отчеты по испытаниям, архивные материалы. Обширный фотоальбом, включая чертежи. /en/tank-armaments/98.html Sat, 06 Aug 2011 01:36:41 +0000 Joomla! 1.5 - Open Source Content Management en-gb Specification and Armor Penetration of the Soviet Tank Guns /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/355-specification-penetration-soviet-tank-guns.html /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/355-specification-penetration-soviet-tank-guns.html I. Specification
Gun Model Calibre, mm Bore Length, clb Elevation Max. Range, m Weight of Pendulous Elements, kg Weight of Recoil Elements, kg Normal Recoil Length, mm Max. Recoil Length, mm Loading Practical ROF, shot/min
TNSh 20 82.4 -5° +27° 6,800 68 ? ? ? automatic 200
PT-23TB 23 ? -5° +27° 9,000 ? ? ? ? automatic over 300
ZIS-19 37 66.7 -5° +30° ~10.000 ? 73 ? ? single 8-15
Modernized "Hochkis" 37 20 ? ? 103.8 ? ? ? single 5-6
PS-2 37 45 ? ? 100 ? ? ? single 6-8
20K, 20Km 45 46 -6° +22° ~4,2001 313 113 240-270 278 single 7-12
VT-42/43 45 68.6 -5° +25°/+78° ? 322 149 288 285 single 9-10
ZIS-4 57 73 -5° +30° 12,500 ? ? 350-380 395 single 6-10
KT 76.2 16.5 ? ? 540 ? ? ? single 5
PS-3 76.2 20.5 ? ? 614 ? ? ? single 11-12
L-10 76.2 23.7 ? ? 641 ? ? ? single 12
F-32 76.2 31.5 ? ? 770 ? ? ? single 8
F-34, ZIS-5 76.2 41.6 -5° +28° 11,200 1,155 538 320-370 390 single 4-81
S-54 76.2 58 -5° +30° ? 1,390 ? ? 400 single 3-5
D-5T, D-5S 85 51.6 -5° +22° 12,700 1,500 980 270-310 330 single 5-82
ZIS-S-53 85 54.6 -5° +25° 12,900 1,150 905 280-320 330 single 6-10
ZIS-6 106.7 48.6 ? ? ? ? ~600 ? separated4 3-4
D-10T, D-10S 100 53.5 -3° +18° 16,000 2,257 1,538 550 650 single 4-6
U-11 121.92 22.7 -2° +22° ? ? ? 590 680 separated 2-3
D-25T, D-25S 121.92 43 -2° +20° 14,200 2,588 1,850 580 660 separated 1.2-2.5
S-41 152.4 27.68 -3° +18° ? ~2.300 ? 590 650 separated 1-2

1 This is the tabular data range.
2 The practice rate of fire of the T-34 was 3-5 shots per minute due to unsuccessful ammo layout.
3 The rate of fire during movement didn't exceed 4 shots/min; the ROF in stationary position on motionless target 10 shots/min.
4 Initially projected to be single loading ammo, but it was realized to be unsuccessful.

II. armor penetration1 of the Soviet tank guns

This table is mostly based on data from the NII-48 (Research Lab #48) in 1942-1945. These data are different from widespread penetration data but values presented here seem to me more accurate and often confirmed by after-trials reports. Unfortunately, the armor quality (hardness etc) usually missed in those reports, so I cannot reveal it's real quality. All what was mentioned is "homogenous hardened armor" or simply "homogenous armor" and nothing more.

The tabular data were theoretical and were calculated by method of ARTKOM (Artillery Committee). This method was accepted in 1939 and its final result depended of two values:
- The Limit of the Through Penetration (LTP) when a whole projectile penetrate the armor and was found behind the armor plate.
- The Breaking Point of the Back Surface (BPBS) when a projectile didn't penetrate the armor but the back surface of the armor plate happened to be damaged.

The armor counted to be penetrated if at least 75% of a projectile's fragments happened to be found behind the armor plate. Most of the Soviet armor penetration tables based on this value. Curiously, but the German way of calculation the armor penetration was based on 50% penetration. That's why the Soviet and the German penetration values are so different.

Also, it is important to understand that realistic penetration values in 1941-1943 was reduced significantly due to low quality ammo.

Gun Model Ammo Type Muzzle Velocity, m/s Angle Range, m
50 100 300 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
20 mm TNSh AP with tungsten carbide core 817 60° IP=25 IP=18 - - - - -
90° - - - - - - -
23 mm PT-23TB AP 830 60° - - - - - - -
90° 352 282 222 152 - - -
37 mm ZIS-19 AP 915 60° - CP=44 CP=38 CP=33 - - -
90° - CP=58 CP=50 CP=41 - - -
37 mm Modernized "Hochkiss" AP 442 60° ? ? ? ? - - -
90° ? ? ? ? - - -
37 mm PS-2 AP 880 60° - - - - - - -
90° ? ? ? 352 252 - -
45 mm 20K, 20Km BR-240SP 757 60° - CP=43 CP=36 CP=31 CP=28 - -
90° - CP=51 CP=43 CP=38 CP=35 - -
45 mm VT-42/43 AP 950 60° - CP=60 CP=55 CP=51 CP=54 - -
90° - CP=75 CP=66 CP=59 CP=54 - -
ZIS-4 BR-271 995 60° - - - IP=89
CP=83		 IP=85
CP=78		 IP=79
CP=73		 -
90° - - - IP=105
CP=98		 IP=98
CP=90		 IP=90
CP=82		 -
76 mm KT AP 370 60° - - - - - - -
90° ? ? ? 312 282 - -
76 mm PS-3 AP 530 60° - - - - - - -
90° ? ? ? ? ? - -
76 mm L-10 AP 558 60° - - - - - - -
90° ? ? ? 612 512 - -
76 mm F-32 AP 612 60° - - - - - - -
90° ? ? ? 602 522 - -
76 mm F-34, ZIS-5 BR-350A 680 60° - IP=86
CP=69		 IP=79
CP=63		 IP=70
CP=59		 IP=63
CP=50		 IP=52
CP=43		 -
90° - IP=89
CP=80		 IP=84
CP=76		 IP=78
CP=70		 IP=73
CP=63		 IP=65
CP=58		 -
BR-350B 60° - IP=89
CP=74		 IP=82
CP=69		 IP=76
CP=62		 IP=71
CP=55		 IP=55
CP=48		 -
90° - IP=94
CP=86		 IP=90
CP=81		 IP=84
CP=75		 IP=78
CP=68		 IP=69
CP=62		 -
BR-350P 60° - CP=92 CP=87 CP=77 n/a n/a n/a
90° - CP=102 CP=98 CP=92 n/a n/a n/a
85 mm D-5T, S-53, ZIS-S-53 BR-365 792 60° - - - CP=90 CP=85 CP=78 CP=72
90° - - - CP=105 CP=100 CP=92 CP=85
BR-365K 60° - - - CP=90 CP=78 CP=72 CP=66
90° - - - CP=108 CP=102 CP=90 CP=82
BR-365P 60° - - - CP=100 CP=85 n/a n/a
90° - - - CP=140 CP=118 n/a n/a
100 mm D-10T, D-10S BR-412 880 60° - - - CP=125 CP=110 CP=95 CP=87
90° - - - CP=155 CP=135 CP=115 CP=100
107 mm ZIS-6 B-420 830 60° - - - CP=120 CP=108 CP=92 CP=86
90° - - - CP=140 CP=130 CP=110 CP=95
122 mm D-25T, D-25S BR-471 780 60° - - - CP=122 CP=115 CP=107 CP=97
90° - - - CP=152 CP=142 CP=133 CP=122
BR-471B 780 60° - - - 1252 1202 1102 1002
90° - - - 1552 1432 1322 1162
152 mm S-41 semi-AP round for howitzers 432 60° - - - CP=71 CP=67 CP=64 CP=60
90° - - - CP=87 CP=82 CP=78 CP=73

1 The Initial Penetration (IP) means the 20% probability of armor penetration. The Certified Penetration (CP) means the 80% probability of armor penetration;
2 The tabular data.

III. The ammo types used for the tanks and SP guns

Gun Model Tanks and SP-Guns Used Ammo
high explosive armor-piercing sub-caliber shaped-charge other
45 mm (46 clb) guns
45 mm 20K gun model 1932/38 BT-5, BT-7, BT-7M, T-26 model 1933-1936, T-26 model 1937-1939, T-35 UO-240
UO-240A		 UBR-243
UB-241
UB-241M		 n/a n/a ?
57 mm (73 clb) guns
ZIS-2 ZIS-30 UO-271U UBR-271
UBR-271K
UBR-271SP		 n/a n/a USh-271
ZIS-4, ZIS-4M T-34-57 the same the same n/a n/a the same
76.2 mm (16.5 clb) guns
KT T-26A, BT-7A, T-35, T-28 UO-353A
UOF-353
UF-353M		 ? n/a n/a UD-353A
USh-353
USh-353D
76.2 mm (20.5 clb) guns
PS-3 T-28 UO-353A
UOF-353
UF-353M		 ? n/a n/a UD-353A
USh-353
USh-353D
76.2 mm (23.7 clb) guns
L-10 T-28, T-35 UO-353A
UOF-353
UF-353M		 UBR-353A1 n/a n/a UD-353A
USh-353
USh-353D
76.2 mm (31.5 clb) guns
L-11 T-34/76 model 1940 UOF-354M
UOF-354B
UF-354		 UBR-354A
UBR-354B
UBR-354SP		 n/a n/a UD-354A
USh-354
USh-354T
USh-354G
USh-R2-354
F-32 KV-1 model 1939 the same the same n/a n/a the same
76.2 mm (41.5 clb) guns
F-34 T-34/76 model 1941, T-34/76 model 1942 the same the same UBR-354P n/a the same
ZIS-5 KV-1 model 1941, KV-1S model 1942 the same the same n/a n/a the same
76.2 mm (51 clb) guns
ZIS-3T SU-76M UOF-354M
UO-354AM
UOF-363		 UBR-354A
UBR-354V
UBR-354SP		 UBP-354M n/a USh-354
USh-354T
USh-354G
UD-354
UD-354A
85 mm (54 clb) guns
D-5T KV-85, T-34/85, IS-1 UO-365K UBR-365
UBR-365K		 UBR-365PK3 n/a ?
D-5S SU-85, SU-85M the same the same UBR-365PK4 n/a ?
S-53, ZIS-S-53 T-34/85 the same the same UBR-365PK3 n/a ?
122 mm (43 clb) guns
D-25T IS-2 53-OF-471 projectile with 53-VOF-471 charge 53-BR-471 projectile with 53-VBR-471 charge n/a n/a n/a
D-25S ISU-122, ISU-122S the same the same n/a n/a n/a

1 In January-February 1941 all these projectiles have been transferred from tanks to regimental field artillery;
2 In 1943 this projectile was adding if there was a chance of tank vs tank battle. However, it had poor fuse, so it was quickly removed;
3 Used from summer 1943 only if tank vs tank battle expected. Since 1944 there were 4 rounds in every tank;
4 Used from summer 1943 only if antitank mission planned. Since 1944 there were 8 rounds in every SP-gun.

]]> v_p@battlefield.ru (Валерий Потапов) Справочная информация Wed, 14 Oct 2009 09:48:16 +0000 Armor penetration curves of the Soviet and Allied tank guns /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/290-armor-penetration-curves.html /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/290-armor-penetration-curves.html (Armor piercing projectiles only; engagement angle 90°)

Armor penetration curves of the Soviet and Allied tank guns

See the original photocopy of this document

Digital processing: Valeri Potapov
Source: TsNIIP GBTU KA reference, 1944.

]]> v_p@battlefield.ru (Валерий Потапов) Справочная информация Wed, 25 Jan 2006 14:52:00 +0000 Armor Penetration of German Tank Guns /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/143-armor-penetration-german-guns.html /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/143-armor-penetration-german-guns.html The table below contains data from German sources.

Gun Model Barrel Length, clb Ammo Range, m
100 500 1000 1500 2000
2-cm KwK 30/38 55 Panzergranate 39 20 14 9 - -
Panzergranate 40 49 20 - - -
3.7-cm KwK 34(t) 40 Panzergranate 39 37 31 26 22 -
3.7-cm KwK 38(t) 47.8 Panzergranate 39 41 35 29 24 -
Panzergranate 40 64 34 - - -
5-cm KwK 38 42 Panzergranate 39 54 46 36 28 22
Panzergranate 40 96 58 - - -
5-cm KwK 39 60 Panzergranate 39 67 57 44 34 26
Panzergranate 40 130 72 38 - -
7.5-cm KwK 40 43 Panzergranate 39 98 91 82 72 63
Panzergranate 40 126 108 87 69 -
7.5-cm KwK 40 48 Panzergranate 39 106 96 85 74 64
Panzergranate 40 143 120 97 77 -
7.5-cm KwK 42 70 Panzergranate 39/42 138 124 111 99 89
Panzergranate 40/42 194 174 149 127 106
8.8-cm KwK 36 56 Panzergranate 39 120 110 100 91 84
Panzergranate 40 171 156 138 123 110
8.8-cm KwK 43/1 and
8.8-cm PaK 43		 71 Panzergranate 39 203 185 165 148 132
Panzergranate 40/43 237 217 193 171 153
12.8-cm PaK 44(80) 55 Panzergranate 39 187 166 143 127 117
Panzergranate 40/43 193 178 167 157 148
12.8-cm KwK 44 55 Panzergranate 40/43 223 212 200 189 178
]]> v_p@battlefield.ru (Валерий Потапов) Справочная информация Fri, 23 Sep 2005 11:02:07 +0000 US Tank Guns /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/142-us-tank-guns.html /en/tank-armaments/98-supplemental-information/142-us-tank-guns.html This table is based upon US sources.

Gun Calibre, mm Barrel Length, clb Ammo type Projectile weight, kg Muzzle velocity, m/s Penetration at 30° at ranges:
500 metres 1000 metres 1500 metres 2000 metres
M6 37 53,5 AP 0,87 885 53 46 40 35
HE 0,73 793 - - - -
M2 75 28 AP 6,79 589 60 55 51 46
HE 6,67 448 - - - -
M3 75 37,5 AP 6,79 619 66 60 55 50
HE 6.67 464 - - - -
M7 76,2 50 AP 7 793 93 86 82 75
HVAP 4,27 1037 157 135 116 98
HE 5,84 854 - - - -
M1 76,2 52 AP 7 793 93 88 82 75
HVAP 4,27 1037 157 135 118 98
HE 5,9 854 - - - -
M3 90 50 AP 10,94 808 120 112 104 95
HVAP 7,63 1022 221 189 176 156
HE 10,57 823 - - - -
M4 105 22,5 HEAT 13,27 381 102 102 102 102
HE 14,98 473 - - - -
]]> v_p@battlefield.ru (Валерий Потапов) Справочная информация Fri, 23 Sep 2005 10:59:01 +0000